{
 "id": "research-development-spending-uk",
 "title": "Spending on research and development, UK",
 "category": "economy",
 "summary": "Gross domestic expenditure on research and development performed in the UK each year since 2022, in all and by business, higher education, government and private non-profit organisations, in current prices, with its share of GDP, from the ONS.",
 "unit": "gbp_m",
 "chart": "column",
 "volatile": false,
 "status": "",
 "notes": [
  "Spending on research and development performed in the UK, by the sector that performs it, in £ million at current prices; the ONS's estimates from 2022 use its improved method and are accredited, so the tables begin then.",
  "The Office for National Statistics publishes these as accredited official statistics."
 ],
 "provenance": {
  "publisher": "Office for National Statistics",
  "publisher_url": "https://www.ons.gov.uk/",
  "source_page": "https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/governmentpublicsectorandtaxes/researchanddevelopmentexpenditure/datasets/ukgrossdomesticexpenditureonresearchanddevelopment2021designatedasnationalstatistics",
  "licence": "OGL-3.0",
  "licence_name": "Open Government Licence v3.0",
  "licence_url": "https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/",
  "attribution": "Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.",
  "retrieved_at": "2026-11-09T14:59:21Z",
  "raw_files": [
   {
    "name": "dataset.json",
    "url": "https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/governmentpublicsectorandtaxes/researchanddevelopmentexpenditure/datasets/ukgrossdomesticexpenditureonresearchanddevelopment2021designatedasnationalstatistics/data",
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    "name": "edition.json",
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   {
    "name": "table.xlsx",
    "url": "https://www.ons.gov.uk/file?uri=/economy/governmentpublicsectorandtaxes/researchanddevelopmentexpenditure/datasets/ukgrossdomesticexpenditureonresearchanddevelopment2021designatedasnationalstatistics/2024/gerd2024.xlsx",
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 },
 "meta": {
  "latest_period": "2024-12-31",
  "share_of_gdp": {
   "2022": 2.73,
   "2023": 2.72,
   "2024": 2.71
  },
  "constant_prices": {
   "prices of": "2024",
   "Total": {
    "2022": 76884.0,
    "2023": 77415.0,
    "2024": 79403.0
   }
  },
  "ons_edition": "2024",
  "file": "gerd2024.xlsx",
  "accreditation": "Accredited official statistics: the ONS's dataset page gives them as national statistics"
 },
 "headline": {
  "label": "Total",
  "value": 79403.0,
  "period": "2024",
  "note": "2.71% of GDP; £55,615 million of it by business"
 },
 "series": [
  {
   "name": "Total",
   "points": [
    {
     "x": "2022",
     "v": 71802.0
    },
    {
     "x": "2023",
     "v": 75764.0
    },
    {
     "x": "2024",
     "v": 79403.0
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "Government",
   "points": [
    {
     "x": "2022",
     "v": 3636.0
    },
    {
     "x": "2023",
     "v": 4305.0
    },
    {
     "x": "2024",
     "v": 4719.0
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "Higher education",
   "points": [
    {
     "x": "2022",
     "v": 16277.0
    },
    {
     "x": "2023",
     "v": 17133.0
    },
    {
     "x": "2024",
     "v": 17890.0
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "Business enterprise",
   "points": [
    {
     "x": "2022",
     "v": 50841.0
    },
    {
     "x": "2023",
     "v": 53195.0
    },
    {
     "x": "2024",
     "v": 55615.0
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "Private non-profit",
   "points": [
    {
     "x": "2022",
     "v": 1048.0
    },
    {
     "x": "2023",
     "v": 1129.0
    },
    {
     "x": "2024",
     "v": 1180.0
    }
   ]
  }
 ]
}